Course contents
Practitioner · Course 3: Material Requirement Planning · Lesson 1 of 5

Working from an order's bill of materials to a full material requirement list

Level: PractitionerTime: 45 minutesOrder used: A (the T-shirt)Tool: Material requirement planner
This lesson opens Course 3 (Material Requirement Planning). It builds on Course 1's supplier qualification skill and reuses Order A's own fixed fabric figures (Track 3, Course 3). Figures are teaching figures, using Order A's own fixed facts. At work, use the real figures of your own order.
FactoryDelta Garments (garment factory)
Order A fabric0.205 kg per piece, 15,000 pieces
Order A total fabric3,075 kg
Trim supplierTrimco (labels, thread, buttons, zips)
Trim consumption1 woven label, 1 care label, 380 m sewing thread per 100 pieces
BuyerNorthline Apparel
02Opening

This page teaches a merchandiser or planner how to turn one order's bill of materials into a full material requirement list: every material the order needs, in its own quantity and unit. It is for anyone releasing purchase orders for an order's fabric and trims together, and it builds on Course 1's supplier qualification skill. It mainly teaches the information flow: turning the bill of materials into a material requirement list, without losing or duplicating a line.

At work, a planner cannot release a fabric purchase order today and remember the trims later. Every material on the bill of materials, fabric, labels, thread, buttons and zips, has its own supplier and its own lead time, and each must be ordered in the right quantity for the same order quantity. Without a full material requirement list, a planner orders some materials correctly and forgets others, and the cutting room later finds fabric but no labels, or thread but no fabric.

Order A's bill of materials already fixes its fabric figure, 0.205 kg per piece for 15,000 pieces, a figure this course reuses rather than recalculating. The new skill here is reading every line of a bill of materials, not just the fabric line, and turning each one into its own requirement, in its own unit, ready for its own purchase order.

03Before you start

You need: Course 1's supplier qualification skill (T13-C01), and it helps to know how a fabric total is calculated from a per-piece figure and an order quantity, covered in Track 3's fabric calculations course.

By the end of this lesson you can:

  • State what a bill of materials lists and why a material requirement list is a separate document built from it.
  • Turn each bill-of-materials line into its own material requirement, in its own unit, for the whole order.
  • Reuse Order A's own fixed fabric figure without recalculating it from scratch.
  • Calculate a trim's total requirement from its per-piece or per-hundred-pieces figure and the order quantity.
  • Use this course's material requirement planner to build a full material requirement list with live formulas.

Not covered here: how a bill of materials itself is built for costing (Track 5, Course 5), combining two orders' requirements for a shared fabric (Lesson 13.3.2), adding lead time and safety stock to a requirement (Lesson 13.3.3).

04Key terms
TermMeaning
Bill of materialsThe list of every material and cost component in a garment, with its cost, used to build up the FOB price.
Fabric consumptionThe amount of fabric (by weight or length) one garment piece uses, the basis for calculating an order's total fabric requirement.
Total fabric requirementThe full quantity of fabric an order needs, calculated from per-piece consumption times order quantity.
Material requirement listThe full list of every material an order needs, each in its own unit and quantity, built line by line from the order's bill of materials and its order quantity.
05Teaching
The rule

A material requirement list turns every line of an order's bill of materials into its own quantity, in its own unit, for the whole order quantity.

An order's bill of materials names every material the garment uses and its per-piece figure; a material requirement list takes each of those per-piece figures and multiplies it by the order quantity, one line at a time, so every material ends up with its own total ready for its own purchase order. Order A's fabric line already gives 0.205 kg per piece; multiplied by 15,000 pieces it gives the order's already-fixed 3,075 kg total. Every other line on the bill of materials, a woven label, a care label, sewing thread, follows the same multiplication, each in its own unit: pieces for labels, metres for thread. No material requirement list is complete while even one bill-of-materials line has not yet been turned into its own total.

Bill-of-materials lineTotal for 15,000 piecesFabric, 0.205 kg per piece3,075 kgWoven label, 1 per piece15,000 piecesCare label, 1 per piece15,000 piecesSewing thread, 380 m per 100 pieces57,000 m
Every bill-of-materials line becomes its own total. Order A's fabric, labels and thread each carry their own unit and their own multiplication against the same 15,000-piece order quantity.
What you meet in real life

The same line-by-line method applies to every order, but how many lines and what units they carry commonly differ.

What can differThe shapes you meetWhy it matters
Number of bill-of-materials linesA basic T-shirt like Order A may carry four or five lines; a jacket or a jeans order carries many more, zips, rivets, pocket bags, interliningMore lines mean more separate purchase orders to release, each with its own supplier and lead time
Unit per lineFabric by weight or length, labels and buttons by piece, thread and elastic by metre, dyes and chemicals by weight for a mill's own useMultiplying a per-piece figure by the wrong order quantity or in the wrong unit produces a material requirement that cannot be ordered correctly
Export MTO orderDelta Garments builds Order A's material requirement list once, against Northline Apparel's confirmed 15,000-piece quantityA Make to Order quantity is fixed and known before materials are ordered, so the list is built once against a firm number
Domestic MTS orderA domestic brand ordering to its own forecast builds the same list against a forecast quantity that may later changeA Make to Stock quantity can move, so its material requirement list may need rebuilding if the forecast is revised
Related product familiesSocks and hosiery (yarn plus a smaller trim set), home-textile bedding (fabric plus thread and packaging, no labels sewn into the seam the same way)The line-by-line method carries over outside apparel, though which trims appear on the list changes by product
The case we follow

Delta Garments builds Order A's full material requirement list before releasing purchase orders to Rowad Knits and Trimco.

Delta Garments already confirmed Order A's fabric total, 3,075 kg from Rowad Knits, in Track 3's fabric calculations course. Before its planner can release every purchase order at once, the same order's trims, sourced from Trimco, must also be turned into their own totals from the same bill of materials: a woven label and a care label, one of each per piece, and sewing thread, 380 m per 100 pieces. Delta Garments cannot release the fabric purchase order today and the trim purchase orders next week without risking a mismatch between the two, so both are built from the same bill of materials at the same time.

The worked number

Order A's fabric, label and thread requirements, each from its own bill-of-materials line multiplied by the order quantity.

Order A's own fixed figures: 0.205 kg of fabric per piece multiplied by 15,000 pieces.

0.205 × 15,000 = 3,075

Order A's bill of materials also fixes one woven label and one care label per piece.

1 × 15,000 = 15,000

Order A's bill of materials fixes sewing thread at 380 m per 100 pieces.

380 × (15,000 ÷ 100) = 57,000

Order A's material requirement list therefore reads: 3,075 kg of fabric, 15,000 woven labels, 15,000 care labels, and 57,000 m of sewing thread, each worked out live on this course's material requirement planner rather than typed in by hand.

Bill of materialsFabric → 3,075 kgLabels → 15,000 eachThread → 57,000 mMaterial requirement list
One bill of materials produces one material requirement list. Each line, fabric, labels and thread, keeps its own unit and its own total once multiplied by the same 15,000-piece order quantity.
The method

Follow four steps to turn a bill of materials into a full material requirement list.

  1. List every line on the order's bill of materials, with its per-piece or per-hundred-pieces figure and its unit.
  2. Confirm the order quantity that every line will be multiplied against, the same figure for every line on one order.
  3. Multiply each line's per-piece or per-hundred-pieces figure by the order quantity, keeping each line's own unit.
  4. Assemble every line's total into one material requirement list, ready to release as separate purchase orders to each supplier.
The trap

A common mistake is building a material requirement list for the fabric line only and treating the trims as an afterthought.

A common mistake is calculating an order's fabric total carefully, as Order A's 3,075 kg already is, and then ordering trims later from memory or from a rough estimate rather than from the same bill of materials. This happens because fabric is usually the largest cost line and gets the planner's first attention, while a label or a spool of thread looks too small to need the same discipline. A cutting room that has fabric but no labels or thread on the day cutting is due to start cannot proceed, whatever quantity of fabric has already arrived.

06In plain words

This lesson shows how to turn a garment's full ingredient list into a shopping list with real quantities. The ingredient list, the bill of materials, names the fabric and every small item like labels and thread. For each one, the amount used on a single piece is multiplied by how many pieces are being made. This gives a full list where every material has its own total, ready to be ordered. Skipping this for the small items, and only working out the fabric carefully, is a common way for a factory to run short of something small on the day cutting is meant to start.

07Quick check
  • Material requirement list = every bill-of-materials line's per-piece figure multiplied by the order quantity.
  • The fabric line and every trim line use the same order quantity, but each keeps its own unit.
  • A Make to Order quantity is fixed before materials are ordered; a Make to Stock quantity can move and may need the list rebuilt.
  • Every material requirement, once calculated, becomes the basis for its own purchase order to its own supplier.
  • Fabric is usually the largest line but is never the only line that needs its own calculated total.
  • Always build the full list from the bill of materials before releasing any purchase order, not one line at a time from memory.
08Workplace scenario

Mona, the merchandiser at Delta Garments, has Order A's bill of materials and its confirmed 15,000-piece quantity from Northline Apparel. Before releasing any purchase order, she checks that every line on the bill of materials has its own material requirement calculated, not just the fabric line.

  • Order A's bill of materials lists fabric at 0.205 kg per piece, a woven label and a care label at one each per piece, and sewing thread at 380 m per 100 pieces.
  • Order A's confirmed order quantity is 15,000 pieces.
  • Karim, the production manager, asks Mona whether the trim purchase orders are ready to go out alongside the fabric purchase order.
Order A bill of materials, trim lines. "Woven label: 1 per piece. Care label: 1 per piece. Sewing thread: 380 m per 100 pieces."

Has Mona built a full material requirement list, or only calculated the fabric total?

Show decision

Mona has calculated Order A's full material requirement list. Fabric: 0.205 kg per piece times 15,000 pieces gives 3,075 kg. Woven and care labels: 1 per piece times 15,000 pieces gives 15,000 of each. Sewing thread: 380 m per 100 pieces times 150 (15,000 pieces divided by 100) gives 57,000 m. Because every line on the bill of materials has its own total, Mona can release the fabric purchase order to Rowad Knits and the trim purchase orders to Trimco at the same time, with no line left uncalculated.

09What it costs

A material requirement list that skips a trim line does not usually threaten the whole order, since trims cost far less than fabric, but it still carries a real cost in delay. If Mona released only the fabric purchase order and forgot to calculate the thread requirement, Trimco would receive a late or rushed order for 57,000 m of sewing thread, which could push the thread's own delivery past the date cutting is due to start.

57,000 × 1 = 57,000

The sewing thread requirement, in metres, that must reach Trimco before cutting can safely begin: 380 m per 100 pieces times 150 (15,000 pieces divided by 100).

A cutting room with fabric but no thread cannot proceed to sewing, so the whole order's 16-week timeline can slip by however many days the missed trim purchase order costs to correct, a cost this lesson's method, checking every bill-of-materials line before releasing any purchase order, avoids entirely.

10Working template

The Material requirement planner (this course's workbook) holds the "Bill of Materials to Requirement" sheet, which reads each bill-of-materials line's per-piece or per-hundred-pieces figure and the order quantity, then calculates every material's own total automatically as a live formula.

QuestionFabric (filled in)Woven label (filled in)Sewing thread (filled in)Your material
Unitkgpiecemetre
Per-piece or per-100-pieces figure0.205 kg1 piece380 m
Order quantity15,000 pieces15,000 pieces15,000 pieces
Total material requirement3,075 kg15,000 pieces57,000 m

Download the Material requirement planner from the course page and fill in your own order's bill of materials in the fourth column.

Download the Material requirement planner (Excel)

11Check yourself

1. What is a material requirement list, and how does it differ from a bill of materials?

2. Order A's bill of materials fixes sewing thread at 380 m per 100 pieces. What is the total thread requirement for the full 15,000-piece order?

3. A different order of 8,000 pieces uses the same bill of materials as Order A, with a woven label at 1 per piece. What is that order's label requirement?

12Glossary
ENARFRTRMeaning
Bill of materialsقائمة الموادNomenclatureMalzeme listesiThe list of every material and cost component in a garment, with its cost, used to build up the FOB price.
Fabric consumptionاستهلاك القماشConsommation de tissuKumaş tüketimiThe amount of fabric (by weight or length) one garment piece uses, the basis for calculating an order's total fabric requirement.
Total fabric requirementإجمالي احتياج القماشBesoin total en tissuToplam kumaş ihtiyacıThe full quantity of fabric an order needs, calculated from per-piece consumption times order quantity.
Material requirement listقائمة احتياج الموادListe des besoins en matièresMalzeme ihtiyaç listesiThe full list of every material an order needs, each in its own unit and quantity, built line by line from the order's bill of materials and its order quantity.
13Next

Lesson 13.3.2: Calculating material requirements across several orders sharing the same fabric

You now know how to turn one order's bill of materials into a full material requirement list. The next lesson looks at what happens when more than one order shares the same fabric, and how the two orders' requirements are added together without double-counting either one. Back to the course map

14Ladder

RecognizeTell a bill of materials apart from a material requirement list.
ConnectSee how a per-piece figure on any bill-of-materials line, fabric or trim, is turned into a whole-order total.
CompareTell Order A's fabric total apart from its label and thread totals, each in its own unit.
DecideConfirm every bill-of-materials line has its own calculated total before releasing any purchase order.