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T02

Fibres and Yarns

Fibres and Yarns: 5 courses and 24 lessons on ATMA. Every lesson is free to read, with an Excel template for each course.

T02-C01 Natural Fibres

  1. What a natural fibre is and the main types used in apparel
  2. Cotton: how it is grown and graded, and what "Ne 30/1 combed" means
  3. Wool, silk and linen: how they differ from cotton in properties and use
  4. How fibre length, fineness and strength affect the yarn and fabric made from it
  5. Choosing a natural fibre for a garment: matching fibre properties to the product

T02-C02 Man-Made and Synthetic Fibres

  1. The difference between man-made cellulosic fibres and synthetic fibres
  2. How polyester and nylon are made, and why they behave differently from cotton
  3. Viscose, modal and lyocell: cellulosic but not natural in the way cotton is
  4. Elastane and stretch fibres: how a small percentage changes a fabric's performance
  5. Choosing a man-made or synthetic fibre, or a blend, for a product's requirements

T02-C03 Yarn Formation and Counts

  1. How fibres become yarn: the spinning process from bale to cone
  2. Yarn count systems: Ne and Tex, and how to convert between them
  3. Ply and twist: what a yarn's construction number and twist direction mean
  4. Combed vs carded yarn: what the process removes and why it costs more
  5. Calculating yarn requirements for an order from fabric weight and construction

T02-C04 Yarn Quality and Faults

  1. What yarn quality means: evenness, strength, and count consistency
  2. Common yarn faults and how they show up in fabric
  3. How yarn faults are tested and reported: a yarn test certificate
  4. Reading a yarn quality claim from a mill and what to check before accepting a lot
  5. Building a yarn-inspection checklist for an incoming lot

T02-C05 Fibre Blends and Performance

  1. Why fibres are blended: cotton-polyester and cotton-elastane blends and what each is for
  2. Reading a blend ratio and what it means for a fabric's performance
  3. Common blend ratios in the industry and the trade-offs each one makes
  4. Deciding which blend to specify for a given product brief

Every lesson is free to read.

Start with the first lesson Course map

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